Grenada Revolution - 1278 Words

Prior to March 13, 1979, few people had ever heard of Grenada, one of the smallest countries of the Western Hemisphere. It all began in 1973, when the National Jewel Movement (NJM) formed to oppose the dictatorship of Eric Gairy, successor to British colonial rule, who was as treacherous and brutal as Papa Doc was in Haiti. Many activists, both in Grenada and worldwide, were inspired by the movements call for a populist socialism. After six years of growing mass mobilizations that created a virtual stalemate with the Gairy regime, the revolutionary forces launched an armed uprising on March 13, 1979. In 1979, Gairy was ousted in a bloodless takeover and the Peoples Revolutionary Government (PRG) came to power, headed by Prime Minister†¦show more content†¦On October 13, 1983 all the developing plans and dreams of the revolutionary government were smashed in a cataclysm of reaction, provoked by a split within National Jewel Movement ranks. Bishop and his closest confidants including Rojas, Bishops press secretary, were put under house arrest, provoking massive popular protests led by high school students. The fleet of students swept past the soldiers, freed Maurice and brought him to Fort Rupert, the military headquarters in the capital city of St. Georges. The anti-revolutionary government forces violently stormed the fort and killed 13 of Bishops defenders, and minutes later murdered Bishop himself and several other cabinet ministers and union leaders. There were many repercussions of the Grenada Revolution. The events of that fateful day would have profound economic, social, and political ramifications that resound in Grenada even today. 1. Economic Repercussions Bishops Peoples Revolutionary Government (PRG) guided the economy into a phase aptly described as foreign aid socialism, a form of socialism maintained by financial dependence on other socialist countries. Early PRG economic philosophy espoused a strong, diversified agricultural sector and government control of industry through cooperative management and nationalization. What actually developed was a program dependent on the construction industry for growth and on foreign grants for capitalization. Analyses following theShow MoreRelatedOperation Urgent Fury Essay1838 Words   |  8 PagesAn Evaluation of Operation Urgent Fury and How the Utilization of Intelligence Assets May Have Changed the Outcome Operation Urgent Fury was a response by the U.S. government to the socio-political situation happening at the time on the island of Grenada. Due to anti-government upheaval, a growing communist presence in the area and a significant number of Americans on the island, the Reagan administration felt the need to intervene with military force to normalize the situation. Operation UrgentRead MoreTheu.s. Invasion Of Grenada2143 Words   |  9 PagesThe U.S. invasion of Grenada was the first major U.S. military operation ever since the end of the Vietnam War. Undeniably, many have concluded that it may have in part been an assessment of the purported Vietnam syndrome, the alleged condition that makes it problematic for the American public to support U.S. military interference deprived of a just cause. As with Iraq, the early defences for the invasion proved to be either extremely debatable or obviously false, hitherto it still received bipartisanRead MoreThe Revolutionary Period Of 1763 Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus on the rights of man, promulgating new rhetoric surrounding human rights. The American Revolution launched a global movement in which the people took a stand against their oppressors and fought for governmental autonomy. This international movement brought forth new political ideology, as well as increased the voice of the people. The political thinkers associated with the various global revolutions in America, France, and in South America, all used human rights rhetoric as a means of incitingRead MoreThe Political Influence Of The United States1565 Words   |  7 Pagesmany crimes. Having Iran as an ally during this time was important because of the lucrative oil trade, and the prevention of Iran from aligning with Russia or Germany. The Iranian revolution in 1979 coincided with the deteriorating health of Pahlavi and put the United States government in a predicament. The revolution placed Ayatollah Khomeini as the new head of Iran and he w ished to pursue criminal charges against Pahlavi. However, the United States intervened and provided medical care in AmericaRead MoreFactors Responsible for the Outbreak of the Haitian Revolution2143 Words   |  9 PagesCaribbean was the Haitian Revolution. This School Based Assessment (SBA) is aimed at identifying the main causes and effects of the Haitian Revolution. Another aim off this school Based Assessment is to seek to find out why most slave protest and rebellions failed to destroy the system of slavery. Factors that were responsible for the outbreak of the Haitian revolution Class division was a major factor, which contributed to the outbreak of the Haitian Revolution. In St Domingue, thereRead MoreEssay on Fidel Castro3330 Words   |  14 PagesFrom the very beginning of his rule Castro and his sycophants bitterly and sweepingly attacked the relations of the United States government with Batista and his regime.(3) He accused us of supplying arms to Batista to help overthrow Castros revolution and of harboring war criminals for a resurgence effort against him. For the most part these were not true: the U.S. put a trade embargo on Batista in 1957 stopping the U.S. shipment of arms to Cuba. (4) However, his last accusation seems toRead MoreEssay on Revolutionary Causes - USA1897 Words   |  8 Pagesacts usually dealt with taxes and other issues that came into conflict with the independent nature of the American colonists. No one issue was solely responsible for the eventual American Revolution. Though all of these added together raised the resentment to a boiling point and all contributed to the revolution. The harsh frontier life led to the independent and often stubborn nature of the American Colonists. This development of this unique colonial personality conflicted drastically with the normsRead MoreThe French And Indian War3085 Words   |  13 PagesOn a positive note, the Proclamation created four new colonies within North American. One of those was the Quebec colony, which had already existed for years before the proclamation. Two more were East and West Florida and following after that was Grenada. However, the majority of the proclamation’s meaning was to insure the safety and respect of the Native Americans. The Proclamation of 1763 was a statement from the King stating the natives were under the King’s protection. Their land as well as theirRead MoreBolivars End Of The Second Republic1199 Words   |  5 Pagesand devastation. Boves took Valencia and then Caracas bringing a fall to the Second Republic of Venezuela. After the defeat, Bolivar returned to New Grenada until 1815. Under the Second Republic Bolivar and his ‘ war to the death’ killed any Spaniard he came across if they were not active on the patriot side creating the bloodiest part of this revolution. Therefore setting the tone for the royalists that became more violent, including the Infernal Legion who was known for raping and murdering thoseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Overthrow By Stephen Kinzer1713 Words   |  7 PagesPuerto Rico, the Philippines, Nicaragua, and Honduras under America s sway; the cold war era, which employed covert action agai nst Iran, Guatemala, South Vietnam, and Chile; and the invasion era, which saw American troops collapsing governments in Grenada, Panama, Afghanistan, and Iraq. During the time period of 1946-1988 the policy of overthrowing foreign governments were resume during the early years of the Cold War. United States tensions was towards USSR and communism (Hamblin). United States is

Adversity and Its Effects in a Man for All Seasons Free Essays

A Man for all Seasons is a play that was written by prolific English writer, Robert Bolt. Born in 1924, he worked as an insurance agent before joining the World War II as a Royal Air Force officer. He worked as a school teacher, after his time at the force, before embarking on writing this particular play. We will write a custom essay sample on Adversity and Its Effects in a Man for All Seasons or any similar topic only for you Order Now The same year he wrote it; it featured as a play in London and New York. It is crucial to understand the background of the play to understand it with more power. According to Kincaid, it is useful to understand that for many years in England there had been hostility to the clergy, because the Church had great worldly powers, property, and wealth, while many members of the clergy were corrupt and self-seeking. (11) With this play, Bolt wanted to bring out the strong characteristic steadiness of standing on one’s feet and owns ground in what one believes irrespective of what others think or say. The main character, Sir Thomas More, is a judge who is steadfast and firm in his beliefs. He is not easily swayed by people’s opinions, influence, threats, and intimidation. He objects to endorsing King Henry VIII’s plan of divorcing his wife, Catherine of Aragon, and marry Anne Boleyn. The King having promoted Sir Thomas to the position of Lord Chancellor of England, and Thomas being his long standing friend, will automatically guarantee Sir Thomas agreeing to support him. He wants Thomas to publicly endorse his divorce plan, but Thomas More feels Henry’s actions are not justified, and the divorce is not appropriate. This is backed by Greene when he affirms that even as Nobles, universities and the Clergy fell into line behind the King, More’s silence on the matter resounded thunderously. Despite the king’s unhappiness with More’s decision to remain silent, he stands firm and refuse to do what everybody else did even though the pressure on his family grew stronger and stronger (7). This shows his autonomy and independence in making his own informed decisions unlike the likes of Cromwell and Richard Rich who act as the King’s â€Å"yes men† doing all his bidding. Cromwell, the king’s intimate, works for the king to have More falsely persecuted and beheaded. We will develop here three main kind of adversities that More had to face: authoritarian, Family, himself. Sir Thomas More’s strong character and moral integrity are alluded to by the title of the play, A Man for all Seasons. The title is a reference to More’s never changing character and direction in life. According to Miller, More was a character with extraordinary blending of gaiety and gravity and for his flexible adaptation to company of all sorts. However, he knew how to compromise and not go out of his way; he did not bend rules, adopt or change for the sake of anyone, even King Henry VIII apart from his own God (26-27). This statement concisely puts down his beliefs and what kind of person he was. Thomas works within the boundaries of his own principles and in the end, dies for what he believes in. Lee compares Sir Thomas More with Roper. At the beginning of the play when the two of them are talking, Roper seems really devoted to his principles but as the play continues on, we learn that Roper is in fact not as true to his values as Sir Thomas More is. Lee talks about the â€Å"Romanticized† vision of a prison that Roper has compare to the reality of what More is living. When Roper visited More in prison he even encouraged More to give up when he saw the â€Å"awfulness of prison†. (319). His obstinate sense of self -righteous and defense for justice sees him earn many foes and adversaries. Just like Roper, many people pretending to be More’s friends turned out to become his enemies plotting behind his back for his downfall. His family, friends, and colleagues turn their back on him, and the adversaries from both his seniors and juniors continue swelling. The following are some of the most significant and outstanding adversaries Judge Sir Thomas More earns himself and faces off with. His many adversaries rise from his strong stands and refusal to bow down to the social order. His main and most prominent adversaries are the authorities and technocrats in the country. Upon meeting with Cardinal Wosley, then the Lord Chancellor of England; Thomas More reviews the decision by King Henry to divorce his wife Catherine and marry Anne and the subsequent decisions. He states his disapproval and says he doubts the Pope will give his assent on this divorce as it is confirmed by Greene when he describes the King’s feeling about the decision of Rome as ‘Frustrated’. The king was very disappointed with the decision of the Clergy and Henry vainly sought to increase the pressure on Rome. When that failed, Henry began to target the English Clergy. (7) It is from this particular point that Wosley declares a witch hunt on the judge, having him investigated and falsely accused of receiving bribes, and insult towards the King. These represent the authoritarian adversary, the adversaries that Sir Thomas More has to face that hold the keys of the government and have power and authority to hurt him according to the law. Although they are not following the law when they persecute him, they pretend to do so. The other adversary in the authority level that Sir Thomas encounters is King Henry VIII’s closest confidant, the recently promoted cardinal secretary, Cromwell. He is used by King Henry as a tool to fight and suppress Sir Thomas due to his stand against the King’s planned divorce. Here we are going to see the kind of adversity that was apply to More by his so-called friends in their thirst for power, they did not hesitate to step over him on their ascension to power. Cromwell plans for Thomas’ downfall by collaborating with the corruptible Richard Rich who is a low ranking functional authority. Cromwell offers Richard an opportunity to advance his career and climb the social ladder in exchange for information about Thomas and testifying falsely against him. Cromwell goes ahead and come up with a false case of how Sir Thomas received a bribe and brings to evidence: the silver cup that Sir Thomas gave Rich. At this point as readers we are already amazingly disgusted by the machinery these two people are putting together to get Sir Thomas More down. Eventually, this leads to the conviction and beheading of Thomas. On this matter, Abraham Lincoln said: â€Å"Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power†. Rich was a good men, probably able to stand adversity with a good self-esteem, but when power was proposed to him, he gave up his conviction. The trut however, is that Thomas received the silver cup oblivious that it was a bribe. Yet, on realizing, he gave the cup to Richard as he did not want anything to do with it. Cromwell, goes ahead to meet with the Duke of Norfolk, another supposed friend, to get him to fix More in a bad light concerning the bribery scheme. The duke, however, proves to him that silver cup, in fact, was passed on by the judge as soon as he realized it was a bribe. Cromwell insists that the duke cooperates and participates in the grand scheme to bring Thomas down. This is because King Henry expects the duke of Norfolk to fully participate in the persecution of Thomas. Thomas woes continue pilling up when Signor Chapuys turns against him and joins the witch hunt. Signor Chapuys’ adversary towards Thomas arises from the breaking of the illusion that Chapuys was under concerning Thomas’ friendship towards the Spanish. Cengage Learning explains the relationship on Sir Thomas More with Chapuys as follow: In speaking with More, Chapuys tries to hide his true motives which are political, with flattery and references to religion. Because he is devious himself, he hears hidden meanings in what More says which leads to misunderstanding. 14) This quote explains why Chapuys did not understand More. He was trying to prove that More aleegiance to spain was no longer and so Chapuys thought that he had found an ally in Thomas to protect the interest of Catherine of whom he was cautious and concerned that she is embarrassed or insulted by King Henry as she is the aunt of the king of Spain. The Spanish ambassador states that he was unsuccessful in per suading More to support Spain saying, as it is affirmed by the sentence Chapuys uses in the play when he says, â€Å"Goodness can be difficulty† (Bolt, 62). Thomas’ refusal to accept the letter of appreciation that is sent by the King of Spain is also a possible source of the aggravated hostility from the Spanish diplomat, Signor Chapuys. All of these men are complotting against someone they knew, someone they worked with, and for some of them someone they had a close relationship with. Adversity can come from authority, friends and sometimes both. The other adversary of Thomas is King Henry VIII who is Thomas’ friend and King.. The king desires to get a son as the heir that his wife Catherine has not borne. He, therefore, plans to get a second wife to fulfill this, and it is here he seeks the support of the lord chancellor of England, Sir Thomas More. More is a devout Christian, and of strong moral standing; hence, he does not approve of this. Although he does not publicly or openly voice his displeasure, he is silently opposed to this. Johnson explains that it is probably to protect his family the best he can that he acts like that, â€Å"He is well aware of dangers on the horizon but does not want to cause them to worry by addressing the dangers directly. 7) At first, More enjoys a somewhat ‘safe zone; by remaining silent about the King’s plans. This comfort zone is trespassed when the King demands the vocal support of the wise, respect public figure. When the King visits him at Chelsea home, in London, More tells the king he will not agree to his plan. The King storms out in anger telling More that he will only leave him alone if he does not openly voice his disagreemen t for his planned divorce of Catherine and marriage to Anne Boleyn. This aggravates and worsens their relationship, which had been set on the rocks earlier. This was when Thomas More had declared he was going to resign if the Church of England Bishops were going to go along with the Parliament’s Act of Supremacy. This Notorious act puts the King as the absolute head of the Church of England, as well as the overall ruler of England State: the genesis of their conflict. This hostility towards the Judge comes to a boiling point where he flatly refuses to take an oath of allegiance in the King’s name, another creation of the King’s puppet parliament. Boughey posits that, â€Å"Henry VIII Wanted to look powerful and strong. [†¦] Henry VIII was a powerful king who was completely in charge of England. Nobody was stronger than Henry VIII, not even Parliament. (1). This is how the king was perceived in real life, probably it was the reason why he was described like that in the play and Sir Thomas More was described then stronger than the parliament and stronger than the King. This is the proof that Thomas More stood strong against the adversity even when it was his King and friend. This adversity can represent a symbol between the King and More with the king symbolically representing the monarchial absolute power and More representing civil law. Thomas’ refuses to have the King rule even his conscience. As a result, he is ready and willing to keep his honesty at all costs, even if it means losing his life. Kincaid expresses Thomas More’s willingness to die for his principles in this little paragraph: When More’s wife was sent to prison to visit him in the hope that she would persuade him to sign the Oath, she told him that he might, if he signit, have another twenty years of life. More answered with his usual wit that if she had offered him a thousand years, he might have been tempted, but twenty years in exchange for an eternity of damnation was a very poor bargain. (9). The kings tries to give More a chance but he refuses and choses to remain faithful to his principles. Thus, coming back to our symbolism, the civil law win over the absolute power meaning that absolute power in one’s hand can be lethal. Thomas’ ethics and integrity is based on a strong base. In the play, other characters appear to be good people but do not have as strong a base as the Judge. The duke of Norfolk for example seem to be a good guy. However, he does not understand More’s motivation. As Lee puts it, â€Å" The behavior of the duke of Norfolk are dictated by yet another good, the benefit of friends. The constant for Norfolk is the preservation of friendship with the people of the here and now, and thus, he cannot comprehend more’s insistence on risking those friendships for his love of a heavenly God. (313). How to cite Adversity and Its Effects in a Man for All Seasons, Papers

Maximizing Performance and Maintaining Results †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Maximizing Performance and Maintaining Results. Answer: Introduction The World Vision Australia is a non-governmental organization which is based in Melbourne Australia and makes a larger part of the World Vision Partnership which is headed by World Vision International. World Vision Australia is also an ecumenical Christian organization dedicated to the betterment of the world, making the glob sustainable for every individual but majorly focuses on improving childrens lifestyle all over the continent. World vision Australia serves globally, the organization is currently serving in fifty eight nations with their main vision being provision for every child, life in all its fullness for everyone. The main method used by the organization to meet its obligations and missions is transformational development via emergency reliefs, advocacy, policies and community development. The content of this paper however, takes a different perspective where the main concern of the study relates to accounting and management part of the organization. The paper discusses various long term objectives of the organization together with the key stakeholders of World vision Australia. The content of the report further provides in-depth and comprehensive discussion with regards to application of a balanced scoreboard, strategy map and its implication. The content concludes with the analysis of various issues surrounding the implementation of a balanced scoreboard. Objectives and key stakeholders of World Vision Australia World Vision Australia as already mentioned is obligated to make the world a better and a fairer place for children especially the most vulnerable children all over the globe. While the extreme poverty rate is slowly declining all over the globe, majority of the children all over the world still have no access to a better life as they cannot afford the most essential life requirements. These essentials include water which is safe, proper education as well as good health and nutritious diet. The organization has therefore various goals to achieve prior to the year 2021 (Kaplan and Norton 2010). The number one goal of the World Vision Australia is to ensure that the ongoing wellbeing of the twenty million children is achieved by 2021 and the ability of the organization to achieve this is based on decades of experience. According to the management of the organization for the organization to achieve this key objective by the year 2021 they have to focus on the betterment of the whole wor ld. To change the life of a child, the community life must change as well as the life of the families with vulnerable children (Niven 2016). This therefore brings World Vision Australia to other objectives towards making the world a better and a fairer place for the children. Another long term objective or goal of the World Vision Australia is to support local communities in order to comprehensively and effectively change the life of children all over the world. To achieve this long term goal, the organization has partnered with various groups of people and organizations in different locations known as Development Programs. These groups work together with the community by helping the community to define their goals as well as help them drive their development. The third goal of the organization is to create change in all work areas. To achieve better life for the children real change means tackling all the complex and connected causes of poverty such as providing clean water and improving sanitations as well as hygienic practices. In terms of education, the organization is objected to improve access to education around the world (Niven 2016). The organization has also a goal to reducing preventable deaths and improvement of women and childrens health through application of high impact innovations in the health sector and lastly in the World Vision Australia has a goal to improve peoples livelihood so that they can increasingly provide for their children in the future. The key stakeholders in the organization are the vulnerable children World Vision Australia support all over the continent. Children are the major clients of the organization as most of the activities undertaken by the organization are meant to support the children. Another major stakeholder is the local communities especially the poor Development program groups Financiers The board of the organization Employees Emergency agencies Global partnerships Scoreboard perspective suitable for the case Based on the type of operations handled by World Vision Australia as an organization, the best perspective of the scoreboard that can be applied is the client perspective. The customer perspective is all about how the clients of the organization perceive it and the position of the organization in meeting the client desires in order to meet the financial objectives (Niven 2016). The customer perception is always based on the time of performance, the quality of performance and the cost of operations. Objectives Specific measurement New supports programs Level of impact of the programs Responsive service supply Timely delivery To be preferred supply Share of key accounts Client partnerships Number of global partnerships The table above outlines specific measures that majority of the World Vision Australian clients may need. Most of the clients in relation to various studies have similar objectives which have similar specific measures as outlined above. The creation of new programs by the organization is one of the client objectives, this objective is always measured by the percentage of sales but in this case the specific measure of the new programs is the level of the impact to the local community (Niven 2011). Another objective is the responsive service supply which is measured by timely delivery of the services. The third objective is the preferred supply which is measured specifically by the share of the key accounts and finally the last objective is the clients partnerships which is measured by the number of global partnerships. Strategic map indicating the relationship between the objectives Strategies can be articulated in terms of a meaningful strategy map which indicates the relationship between the objectives. The top objectives can be expressed in terms of growth and profitability and the goals can be translated into more concrete terms of progress (Niven 2015). The objectives within the scorecards can be cascaded to make the translation of possible strategies. Analysis of the issues concerning the implementation of the balanced scorecard by the World Vision Australia According to various literatures and studies, implementations of scoreboard comes with various challenges. These problems affect most of the organizations and World Vision Australia is one of the firms facing the scoreboard implementation. One of the main challenges faced by the organization is too much internal focus which is encouraged by scoreboard. This problem occurs as many of principles focus on the internal principles within the internal environment of the organization (Makhijani and Creelman 2011). The organization can avoid this problem through the application of SWOT analysis. Through the application SWOT analysis, the organization can develop a more holistic approach to develop a balanced metric system. Developed metrics should be relevant and clear understandable to everyone. The metric should be depicted with visual indictors which can easily be understood by everyone within the organization. Most of the stakeholders within World Vision Australia may not be able to understand poorly defined metrics and this may be a problem to the implementation of a balanced metrics. In order to overcome this challenge the organization may should develop a sloppy and well defined metrics which is not vulnerable to critics and understandable to all parties (Makhijani and Creelman 2011). The organization being a non-profit making organization is likely to have poor financial reporting system or may overemphasize on the collection of financial metrics at the expense of other simple issues and this may be a challenge to the implementation of the a balanced scoreboard (Pham-Gia 2009). The organization should adopt proper system for automation data collection and subsequent reporting. According to various studies it is evident that most of the organization with a good data collection and reporting system maintain better performance. Conclusion The application of a balanced scorecard by World Vision Australia can increase their success in the future. The organization should come up with data collection and reporting system which will ensure efficient implementation of a well balance metrics. The good performance of any organization with reference to the above discussion may be as a result of a balanced scorecard which indicates the organizational performance as seen in the case above. It therefore advisable for organizations to adopt the use of a scorecard with a well-developed financial metrics. References Kaplan, R. S., and Norton, D. P. 2010. The balanced scorecard: translating strategy into action. Boston, mass, Harvard business school press Makhijani, N., and Creelman, J. 2011. Creating a balanced scorecard for a financial services organization. Singapore, wiley. Niven, P. R. 2011. Balanced scorecard step-by-step for government and nonprofit agencies. Hoboken, wiley. Niven, P. R. 2015. Balanced scorecard diagnostics: maintaining maximum performance. Hoboken N.J., J. Wiley. Niven, R. R. 2016. Balanced scorecard step-by-step maximizing performance and maintaining results. Hoboken, wiley. Pham-Gia, K. 2009. Balanced scorecard - solving all problems of traditional accounting systems?

Twelfth Night Essays (875 words) - African Clothing, Mask, Feste

Twelfth Night In Ir?ne, Voltaire wrote, "Shakespeare is a savage with sparks of genius which shine in dreadful darkness of night." One of Shakespeare's sparks of genius was in his use of masks. These masks put characters in a sort of"darkness of night," allowing them to become someone else. They are used for imagery, so one can discover who a person is?the inside of the mask. Masks are used throughout Shakespeare's Twelfth Night to reveal character's true emotions, to carry the story and explain things to the reader, and to express the power of raw beauty. Shakespeare uses this imagery of a mask in many of his characters in the play, but mostly in two: Viola and Feste. Throughout the play the masks help the plot along. At the end, all masks are discarded for a great finale. The perfect example of the use of masking imagery can be seen in Feste the jester. In the play, Feste shows his many personalities in the disguise of masks. Acting as a wise man contrary to his role of the fool, Feste develops one mask. He tries to "conceal [himself] for what [he] is" (I.ii.52) because he knows that if the people realize his intelligence, he will not be called upon to work. These songs Feste sings serve as symbols of a well-formed conscience. People would stop coming to him for this sound advice he gives. Feste demonstrates a strong example of masking imagery because he shows what the play might be without masks. Later, the "devil man" (IV.ii.122) in him surfaces when talking to Malvolio. This is a mask because not only is Feste intelligent, not only is he a fool, he is also conniving. These masks appear all over the play, developing from scene to scene. Feste plays the role of a chameleon; changing masks to become what the necessary character for the given situation. Feste acts as "an ass" (V.i.16) for his acquaintances. This pleases the people and allows Shakespeare to say outrageous but true things that no other character would say. Although characters wear masks, their true identities are always revealed. Feste says, "Eyes show [the] days"(II.iii.94). He demonstrates that one can remove a mask just as easily as one can put a mask on. Shakespeare develops all these different masks. Some are used only once or twice; others are used for nearly the duration of the play. Near the opening of the play, when Viola adopts her male identity, she creates another self, like two masks. She may decide to wear one or the other while swinging between the two identities in emotion and in character. She decides to take on this identity because she has more freedom in society in her Cesario mask, which is evident when Orsino accepts her, whereas, in her female identity she would not be. The mask of Cesario develops throughout the play. Viola's mask pulls the comedy together. First, Viola's mask serves her in getting a job to get back on her feet after nearly drowning. This mask helps other people too. The mask gets Olivia back on her feet. She escapes the mourning of her dead brother. Olivia realizes she has something to live for after seeing Cesario's mask. Falling in love with the male version of Viola works out well. The mask turns out to be a replica of something that does exist. Sebastian is there, married to Olivia, when all masks are removed. The mask, growing on Viola, shows importance all over the play. It continues to develop, and this leaves the reader an even more omniscient point of view. While Olivia, Sir Toby, and Sir Andrew are clueless as to what is going on, we know about the masks. Shakespeare wanted his readers to stand by and laugh. Viola plays the right person at every point in the story to make a happy ending. She removes her mask at the perfect moment. Being both a"maid" (V.i.267) and a "gentleman" (V.i.269) makes this plot what it is. She carries out the functions of both genders, and she is judged from both. The masks deceive. Thinking that Viola is a man, even her brother Sebastian is confused about Viola's true identity. She makes her brother think he doesn't"know [her] by voice or any other feature."(III.IV.325) This shows that she can fool even the closest of kin thorough the mask. At the end of the play, when all tricks and treacheries are revealed and all masks are lifted, Orsino falls in love with Viola.

A Guide to Writing Japanese New Years Cards

A Guide to Writing Japanese New Year's Cards .The Japanese send New Years cards (nengajo) rather than Christmas cards. If you want to send nengajo to your Japanese friends, here are common greetings and expressions you can write to wish them all the best for the new year. Happy New Year All the following expressions roughly translate as Happy New Year. Choose any of them to begin your card. The saying is listed in kanji, or Japanese letters, on the left and in Romaji- the  writing of Japanese in  Roman  characters- on the right. 明㠁‘㠁 ¾Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã£ Å Ã£â€š Ã£  §Ã£  ¨Ã£ â€ Ã£ â€Ã£ â€"㠁„㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢   Akemashite omedetou gozaimasu.æâ€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã£ Å Ã£â€š Ã£  §Ã£  ¨Ã£ â€ Ã£ â€Ã£ â€"㠁„㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢   Shinnen omedetou gozaimasu.omedetou gozaimasu.è ¬ ¹Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã¦â€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´   Kinga Shinnenæ  ­Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã¦â€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´   Kyouga Shinnenè ³â‚¬Ã¦ ­ £   Gashouè ¿Å½Ã¦Ëœ ¥   Geishunè ¬ ¹Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã¦â€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã£  ®Ã£ Å Ã¥â€"Å"㠁 ³Ã£â€šâ€™Ã§â€ ³Ã£ â€"ä ¸Å Ã£ â€™Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢   Tsutsushinde shinnen no oyorokobi o moushiagemasu. Note that Kinga Shinnen (è ¬ ¹Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã¦â€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´), Kyouga Shinnen (æ  ­Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã¦â€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´), Gashou (è ³â‚¬Ã¦ ­ £), and Geishun (è ¿Å½Ã¦Ëœ ¥) are seasonal words that are not used in regular conversation. The rest of the expressions can be used as a greeting. Expressions and Phrases After the greeting, add words of thanks, requests for continued favor, or wishes for health. Here are some common expressions, though you can add your own words as well. The saying is presented first in English, then in kanji, and then in Romaji. Thank you for all your kind help during the past year.æ˜ ¨Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã£  ¯Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ¤â€°Ã£ Å Ã¤ ¸â€"è © ±Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£ â€šÃ£â€šÅ Ã£ Å'㠁 ¨Ã£ â€ Ã£ â€Ã£ â€"㠁„㠁 ¾Ã£ â€"㠁ŸSakunen wa taihen osewa ni nari arigatou gozaimashita. I hope for your continued favor this year.æÅ" ¬Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£  ©Ã£ â€ Ã£ Å¾Ã£â€šË†Ã£â€š Ã£ â€"㠁 Ã£ Å Ã© ¡ËœÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢Honnen mo douzo yoroshiku onegaishimasu. Wishing everyone good health.皆æ §ËœÃ£  ®Ã£ â€Ã¥  ¥Ã¥ º ·Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£ Å Ã§ ¥Ë†Ã£â€šÅ Ã§â€ ³Ã£ â€"ä ¸Å Ã£ â€™Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Minasama no gokenkou o oinori moushiagemasu. Adding the Date When dating the card, use the word gantan (å…Æ'æâ€" ¦) instead of the date that card was written. Gantan means the morning of Jan. 1; therefore, it is not necessary to write ichi-gatsu gantan. As for the year, the Japanese era name is often used. For example, the year 2015 is Heisei nijuugo-nen (Ã¥ ¹ ³Ã¦Ë† Ã¥ ¹ ´), the 27th  year of the era, Heisei. Although nengajo are often written vertically, it is acceptable to write them horizontally. Addressing Cards When sending New Years cards from overseas, the word nenga (Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ³â‚¬) should be written in red on the front side along with a stamp and address. This way, the post office will hold the card and deliver it on Jan. 1. Unlike Christmas cards, nengajo shouldnt arrive before New Years Day. Write your name (and address) at the left side of the card. You can add your own message or draw the picture of the present years zodiacal animal (eto).   Who to Send Nengajou To The Japanese send nengajou not only to family and friends but also to classmates, coworkers, and even business partners. However, personal nengajou often play an important role in connecting people. There were many heart-warming stories about nengajou submitted to The Memorable Nengajou Contest (Nengajou Omoide Taishou). Here is the top prize-winning short story in kanji, followed by the story in Romaji. ã€Å'Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã§Å  ¶Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬  æ˜ ¨Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã§ § Ã£ Å¸Ã£  ¡Ã£  ¨Ã¥Æ' Ã£  Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ£ â€"㠁Ÿå  Ã¥â€¦ ­Ã¦ ­ ³Ã£  ®Ã¥ °â€˜Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£ Å'Ã¥ °â€¹Ã£  ­Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¦ ¯ Ã¨ ¦ ªÃ£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã¨â€š ²Ã¥â€¦ Ã¦â€ ¾Ã¦ £â€žÃ£ â€¢Ã£â€šÅ'〠Ã¤ »Å Ã£  ¯Ã© ¤Å Ã¨ ­ ·Ã¦â€" ½Ã¨ ¨ ­Ã£  «Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥ ®Å¡Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ¥Ë† ¶Ã© «ËœÃ¦   ¡Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£â€šâ€žÃ£â€š Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ¦â€¹Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ­Ã£â‚¬ Ã£ â€ Ã£  ¡Ã£  ®Ã§â€"…é™ ¢Ã©â€¢ ·Ã£ Å'è ª ¿Ã§ â€ Ã¨ £Å"åŠ ©Ã¥â€œ ¡Ã£  ¨Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã©â€ºâ€¡Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š Ã¥ ¹ ³Ã¥ â€¡Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã© ½ ¢Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¥  Ã¦ ­ ³Ã£  ®Ã¨ ª ¿Ã§ â€ Ã¥   ´Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥  Ã¥â€¦ ­Ã¦ ­ ³Ã£  ®Ã¥ °â€˜Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£ Å'æ ¥ ½Ã£ â€"㠁„㠁 ¨Ã£ â€œÃ£â€š Ã£  ¨Ã£  ¯Ã¦â‚¬ Ã£ Ë†Ã£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ£ Å'〠Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£  ¯Ã¦ ¯Å½Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¥â€¦Æ'æ °â€"㠁 «Ã£â€šâ€žÃ£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£  Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ£  ²Ã£â€šâ€¡Ã£  £Ã£  ¨Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã©â€º ¢Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ¦Ã¦Å¡ ®Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£ â„¢Ã¦ ¯ Ã¨ ¦ ªÃ£  ®Ã©  ¢Ã¥ ½ ±Ã£â€šâ€™Ã§ § Ã£ Å¸Ã£  ¡Ã£  «Ã¨ ¦â€¹Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ®Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š Ã¥  Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¦Å"ˆå Å Ã£  °Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã§Å  ¶Ã£  ®Ã¦ ºâ€"備㠁 ®Ã¨ © ±Ã© ¡Å'㠁 «Ã£  ªÃ£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ£  Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ªÃ§ § Ã£ Å¸Ã£  ¡Ã£  ®Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¨ © ±Ã£  «Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦â‚¬ Ã¨ ­ °Ã£  Ã£ â€ Ã£  ªÃ© ¡â€Ã£  §Ã¥ °â€¹Ã£  ­Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ§â€ž ¡Ã§ â€ Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ¦ ¯ Ã¨ ¦ ªÃ£  ¨Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§ ·â€™Ã£  «Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã©  Æ'㠁 ¯Ã£â‚¬ Ã¤ ½ Ã¥ ±â€¦Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ » ¢Ã£â‚¬â€¦Ã£  ¨Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£  ¨Ã¨ Å¾Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã§Å  ¶Ã£  ©Ã£ â€œÃ£â€š Ã£  §Ã£  ¯Ã£  ªÃ£ â€¹Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£  ®Ã£   Ã£â€š Ã£ â€ Ã£â‚¬â€š 㠁 ¿Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ªÃ£  §Ã£ â€œÃ£  £Ã£  Ã£â€šÅ Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£  «Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã§Å  ¶Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ£ â„¢Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã£  «Ã¦ ± ºÃ£â€š Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ£ Å¸Ã£  Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ®Ã¥ ¹ ¸Ã£ â€ºÃ£  «Ã¥â€º ²Ã£  ¾Ã£â€šÅ'る㠁“㠁 ¨Ã£â€šâ€™Ã© ¡ËœÃ£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š ã€Å'åˆ Ã£â€š Ã£  ¦Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã§Å  ¶Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£â€šâ€°Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥ ¤ §Ã¥Ë†â€¡Ã£  «Ã© ¡ Ã£  «Ã© £ ¾Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â€šË†Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬  ä »â€¢Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¥ §â€¹Ã£â€š Ã£  ¯Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£  ®Ã¦ ºâ‚¬Ã©  ¢Ã£  ®Ã§ ¬â€˜Ã© ¡â€Ã£  §Ã¥ ¹â€¢Ã£ Å'éâ€"‹ã â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã§Å  ¶Ã£  ¯Ã£ â„¢Ã£  ¹Ã£  ¦Ã£  ®Ã¤ º ºÃ£â€šâ€™Ã¥ ¹ ¸Ã£ â€ºÃ£  «Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã£  Ã£â€šÅ'る。 "Nengajou tte nan desu ka." Sakunen kara watashitachi to hatarakidashita juuroku-sai no shoujo ga tazuneta. Hahaoya kara ikujihouki sare, ima wa yougoshisetsu ni iru kanojo.Teijisei koukou mo yameteshimatta kanojo o mikane, uchi no byouinchou ga chourihojoin to shite yatotta. Heikin nenrei gojussai no chouriba. Juuroku-sai no shoujo ga tanoshii tokoro towa omoenai ga, kanojo wa mainichi genki ni yatte kuru. Hyottoshite hanarete kurasu hahaoya no omokage o watashitachi ni mite iru no ka. Juuichi-gatsu nakaba nengajou no junbi no wadai ni natta. Sonna watashitachi no kaiwa ni fushigisouna kao de tazuneru kanojo. Muri mo nai. Hahaoya to isshoni ita koto wa, juukyo o tenten to shiteita to kiita. Negajou dokoro dewa nakatta no darou. Minna de kossori kanojo ni nengajou o dasu koto ni kimeta. Takusan no shiawase ni kakomareru koto o negai. Hajimete nengajou moratta. Taisetsu ni gaku ni kazatta yo. Shigotohajime wa kanojo no manmen no egao de maku ga hiraita. Nengajou  wa  subete  no  hito  o  shiawase  ni  shitekureru.

Understanding the Definition of Symmetric Difference

Understanding the Definition of Symmetric Difference Set theory uses a number of different operations to construct new sets from old ones. There are a variety of ways to select certain elements from given sets while excluding others. The result is typically a set that differs from the original ones. It is important to have well-defined ways to construct these new sets, and examples of these include the union, intersection, and difference of two sets. A set operation that is perhaps less well-known is called the symmetric difference. Symmetric Difference Definition To understand the definition of the symmetric difference, we must first understand the word or. Although small, the word or has two different uses in the English language. It can be exclusive or inclusive (and it was just used exclusively in this sentence). If we are told that we may choose from A or B, and the sense is exclusive, then we may only have one of the two options. If the sense is inclusive, then we may have A, we may have B, or we may have both A and B. Typically the context guides us when we run up against the word or and we don’t even need to think about which way it’s being used. If we are asked if we would like cream or sugar in our coffee, it’s clearly implied that we may have both of these. In mathematics, we want to eliminate ambiguity. So the word or in mathematics has an inclusive sense. The word or is thus employed in the inclusive sense in the definition of the union. The union of the sets A and B is the set of elements in either A or B (including those elements that are in both sets). But it becomes worthwhile to have a set operation that constructs the set containing elements in A or B, where or is used in the exclusive sense. This is what we call the symmetric difference. The symmetric difference of the sets A and B are those elements in A or B, but not in both A and B. While notation varies for the symmetric difference, we will write this as A ∆ B For an example of the symmetric difference, we will consider the sets A {1,2,3,4,5} and B {2,4,6}. The symmetric difference between these sets is {1,3,5,6}. In Terms of Other Set Operations Other set operations can be used to define the symmetric difference. From the above definition, it is clear that we may express the symmetric difference of A and B as the difference of the union of A and B and the intersection of A and B. In symbols we write: A ∆ B (A ∠ª B) – (A ∠© B). An equivalent expression, using some different set operations, helps to explain the name symmetric difference. Rather than use the above formulation, we may write the symmetric difference as follows: (A – B ) ∠ª (B – A). Here we see again that the symmetric difference is the set of elements in A but not B, or in B but not A. Thus we have excluded those elements in the intersection of A and B. It is possible to prove mathematically that these two formulas are equivalent and refer to the same set.​ The Name Symmetric Difference The name symmetric difference suggests a connection with the difference of two sets. This set difference is evident in both formulas above. In each of them, a difference of two sets was computed. What sets the symmetric difference apart from the difference is its symmetry. By construction, the roles of A and B can be changed. This is not true for the difference between two sets. To stress this point, with just a little work we will see the symmetry of the symmetric difference since we see A ∆ B (A – B ) ∠ª (B – A) (B – A) ∠ª (A – B ) B ∆ A.

DP CH 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

DP CH 2 - Essay Example The chapter also deals with the theoretical framework in order to deal with the diabetes issue among South Asian women. For this purpose, Precede Proceed Model will be discussed in length in order to form a systematic approach that will further help in identifying ways of mitigating the impact of diabetes among South Asian women in a rationale manner. There is no doubt that social, cultural, economic, and political factors affect the well being of individuals and the chapter will analyse the impact and influence of all these factors in a critical manner. This will further help in ascertaining the impact and influence of internal and external factors in a systematic manner. Data for this purpose will be collected mainly from, Nutrition journals, American Journal of Epidemiology, Diabetes Care journals, and Pub Med. The main concept for data search is based on ascertaining the rise of diabetes among South Asian women, internal and external factors affecting diabetes, socio-economic fac tors, cultural factors, and genetic and biological factors. The researcher believes that analyzing and assessing the above mentioned literatures will help in dealing with the research topic in a systematic and critical manner. Moreover, this will help in accomplishing the purposed major goals and objectives of the research in a significant manner. Overall, it can be believed that assessing social, demographic, cultural, and political factors through relevant literature will help in dealing with the research topic in a rationale and succinct manner. The next part of the discussion presents the theoretical framework that will further define the use of Precede Proceed Model in dealing with diabetes issue. Theoretical Framework The theory that has been used for analyzing the rise of diabetes among South Asian women is Precede Proceed Model. Precede Proceed Model is a health framework that helps policy makers, health planners, and healthcare professionals to analyze and design health car e programs in an effective and efficient manner. This model helps in analyzing the quality of life and assessing healthcare needs in a rationale manner. The most important and fundamental assumption of this model is the active participation of audience in terms of defining their issues along with ascertaining short and long term solutions in a significant manner. This model states that health behaviour is determined by individual and environmental factors and thus educational and ecological diagnosis is conducted in a systematic manner. Educational diagnosis in the form of Precede includes, predisposing, reinforcing, enabling constructs, educational diagnosis, and evaluation while ecological diagnosis in the form of Proceed includes policy, regulatory, organizational constructs in educational and environmental development. The Precede framework was firstly introduced in early 70s with a view that treatment plan is dependent on the educational diagnosis of the health problem to devel op intervention programs. The model is based on the notion that predisposing factors like knowledge, attitude, beliefs, self efficacy, and personal preferences in order to achieve personal desired healthcare goals and objectives. Precede Proceed Model gained immense popularity in the healthcare industry helping in developing intervention programs to deal with wide arrays of healthcare issues and problems. In the context of diabetes, it can be believed that the Precede Proceed Model has been proved as of great utility and importance in taking