Saturday, November 30, 2019
Twelfth Night Essays (875 words) - African Clothing, Mask, Feste
Twelfth Night In Ir?ne, Voltaire wrote, "Shakespeare is a savage with sparks of genius which shine in dreadful darkness of night." One of Shakespeare's sparks of genius was in his use of masks. These masks put characters in a sort of"darkness of night," allowing them to become someone else. They are used for imagery, so one can discover who a person is?the inside of the mask. Masks are used throughout Shakespeare's Twelfth Night to reveal character's true emotions, to carry the story and explain things to the reader, and to express the power of raw beauty. Shakespeare uses this imagery of a mask in many of his characters in the play, but mostly in two: Viola and Feste. Throughout the play the masks help the plot along. At the end, all masks are discarded for a great finale. The perfect example of the use of masking imagery can be seen in Feste the jester. In the play, Feste shows his many personalities in the disguise of masks. Acting as a wise man contrary to his role of the fool, Feste develops one mask. He tries to "conceal [himself] for what [he] is" (I.ii.52) because he knows that if the people realize his intelligence, he will not be called upon to work. These songs Feste sings serve as symbols of a well-formed conscience. People would stop coming to him for this sound advice he gives. Feste demonstrates a strong example of masking imagery because he shows what the play might be without masks. Later, the "devil man" (IV.ii.122) in him surfaces when talking to Malvolio. This is a mask because not only is Feste intelligent, not only is he a fool, he is also conniving. These masks appear all over the play, developing from scene to scene. Feste plays the role of a chameleon; changing masks to become what the necessary character for the given situation. Feste acts as "an ass" (V.i.16) for his acquaintances. This pleases the people and allows Shakespeare to say outrageous but true things that no other character would say. Although characters wear masks, their true identities are always revealed. Feste says, "Eyes show [the] days"(II.iii.94). He demonstrates that one can remove a mask just as easily as one can put a mask on. Shakespeare develops all these different masks. Some are used only once or twice; others are used for nearly the duration of the play. Near the opening of the play, when Viola adopts her male identity, she creates another self, like two masks. She may decide to wear one or the other while swinging between the two identities in emotion and in character. She decides to take on this identity because she has more freedom in society in her Cesario mask, which is evident when Orsino accepts her, whereas, in her female identity she would not be. The mask of Cesario develops throughout the play. Viola's mask pulls the comedy together. First, Viola's mask serves her in getting a job to get back on her feet after nearly drowning. This mask helps other people too. The mask gets Olivia back on her feet. She escapes the mourning of her dead brother. Olivia realizes she has something to live for after seeing Cesario's mask. Falling in love with the male version of Viola works out well. The mask turns out to be a replica of something that does exist. Sebastian is there, married to Olivia, when all masks are removed. The mask, growing on Viola, shows importance all over the play. It continues to develop, and this leaves the reader an even more omniscient point of view. While Olivia, Sir Toby, and Sir Andrew are clueless as to what is going on, we know about the masks. Shakespeare wanted his readers to stand by and laugh. Viola plays the right person at every point in the story to make a happy ending. She removes her mask at the perfect moment. Being both a"maid" (V.i.267) and a "gentleman" (V.i.269) makes this plot what it is. She carries out the functions of both genders, and she is judged from both. The masks deceive. Thinking that Viola is a man, even her brother Sebastian is confused about Viola's true identity. She makes her brother think he doesn't"know [her] by voice or any other feature."(III.IV.325) This shows that she can fool even the closest of kin thorough the mask. At the end of the play, when all tricks and treacheries are revealed and all masks are lifted, Orsino falls in love with Viola.
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
A Guide to Writing Japanese New Years Cards
A Guide to Writing Japanese New Year's Cards .The Japanese send New Years cards (nengajo) rather than Christmas cards. If you want to send nengajo to your Japanese friends, here are common greetings and expressions you can write to wish them all the best for the new year. Happy New Year All the following expressions roughly translate as Happy New Year. Choose any of them to begin your card. The saying is listed in kanji, or Japanese letters, on the left and in Romaji- the writing of Japanese in Roman characters- on the right. 明㠑㠾ã â€"㠦ã Šã‚ 㠧㠨ã †ã â€Ã£ â€"㠄㠾ã â„¢  Akemashite omedetou gozaimasu.æâ€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã£ Šã‚ 㠧㠨ã †ã â€Ã£ â€"㠄㠾ã â„¢  Shinnen omedetou gozaimasu.omedetou gozaimasu.è ¬ ¹Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã¦â€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´  Kinga Shinnenæ è ³â‚¬Ã¦â€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´  Kyouga Shinnenè ³â‚¬Ã¦ £  Gashouè ¿Å½Ã¦Ëœ ¥  Geishunè ¬ ¹Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£ §Ã¦â€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã£ ®Ã£ Šåâ€"Å"㠳を熳ã â€"ä ¸Å ã ’ã ¾Ã£ â„¢  Tsutsushinde shinnen no oyorokobi o moushiagemasu. Note that Kinga Shinnen (è ¬ ¹Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã¦â€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´), Kyouga Shinnen (æ è ³â‚¬Ã¦â€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´), Gashou (è ³â‚¬Ã¦ £), and Geishun (è ¿Å½Ã¦Ëœ ¥) are seasonal words that are not used in regular conversation. The rest of the expressions can be used as a greeting. Expressions and Phrases After the greeting, add words of thanks, requests for continued favor, or wishes for health. Here are some common expressions, though you can add your own words as well. The saying is presented first in English, then in kanji, and then in Romaji. Thank you for all your kind help during the past year.æ˜ ¨Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã£ ¯Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ¤â€°Ã£ Šä ¸â€"è © ±Ã£ «Ã£ ªÃ£â€šÅ ã ‚ã‚Šã Å'㠨ã †ã â€Ã£ â€"㠄㠾ã â€"ã ŸSakunen wa taihen osewa ni nari arigatou gozaimashita. I hope for your continued favor this year.æÅ" ¬Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ ©Ã£ †ã žã‚ˆã‚ ã â€"ã ã Šé ¡ËœÃ£ „ã â€"㠾ã â„¢Honnen mo douzo yoroshiku onegaishimasu. Wishing everyone good health.皆æ §ËœÃ£ ®Ã£ â€Ã¥ ¥Ã¥ º ·Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£ Šç ¥Ë†Ã£â€šÅ 熳ã â€"ä ¸Å ã ’ã ¾Ã£ â„¢Minasama no gokenkou o oinori moushiagemasu. Adding the Date When dating the card, use the word gantan (å…Æ'æâ€" ¦) instead of the date that card was written. Gantan means the morning of Jan. 1; therefore, it is not necessary to write ichi-gatsu gantan. As for the year, the Japanese era name is often used. For example, the year 2015 is Heisei nijuugo-nen (Ã¥ ¹ ³Ã¦Ë† Ã¥ ¹ ´), the 27th year of the era, Heisei. Although nengajo are often written vertically, it is acceptable to write them horizontally. Addressing Cards When sending New Years cards from overseas, the word nenga (Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ³â‚¬) should be written in red on the front side along with a stamp and address. This way, the post office will hold the card and deliver it on Jan. 1. Unlike Christmas cards, nengajo shouldnt arrive before New Years Day. Write your name (and address) at the left side of the card. You can add your own message or draw the picture of the present years zodiacal animal (eto). Who to Send Nengajou To The Japanese send nengajou not only to family and friends but also to classmates, coworkers, and even business partners. However, personal nengajou often play an important role in connecting people. There were many heart-warming stories about nengajou submitted to The Memorable Nengajou Contest (Nengajou Omoide Taishou). Here is the top prize-winning short story in kanji, followed by the story in Romaji. ã€Å'Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã§Å ¶Ã£ £Ã£ ¦Ã£ ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£ §Ã£ ™ã ‹ã€ æ˜ ¨Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã£ ‹ã‚‰ç § 㠟㠡㠨åÆ' ã å‡ ºÃ£ â€"ã Ÿå å… æ ³Ã£ ®Ã¥ °â€˜Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£ Å'Ã¥ °â€¹Ã£ ã Ÿã€‚æ ¯ è ¦ ªÃ£ ‹ã‚‰è‚ ²Ã¥â€¦ 憾æ £â€žÃ£ •ã‚Å'ã€ ä »Å ã ¯Ã© ¤Å è ·Ã¦â€" ½Ã¨ ¨ 㠫ã „ã‚‹å ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥ ®Å¡Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ¥Ë† ¶Ã© «ËœÃ¦ ¡Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£â€šâ€žÃ£â€š 㠦ã â€"㠾㠣ã Ÿå ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ¦â€¹Ã£ ‹ã 〠㠆㠡㠮çâ€"…é™ ¢Ã©â€¢ ·Ã£ Å'è ª ¿Ã§ †è £Å"助å“ ¡Ã£ ¨Ã£ â€"㠦雇㠣㠟。 Ã¥ ¹ ³Ã¥ ‡å ¹ ´Ã© ½ ¢Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¥ æ ³Ã£ ®Ã¨ ª ¿Ã§ †å ´Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥ å… æ ³Ã£ ®Ã¥ °â€˜Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£ Å'æ ¥ ½Ã£ â€"㠄㠨ã “゠㠨㠯æ€ 㠈㠪ã „ã Å'〠å ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£ ¯Ã¦ ¯Å½Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¥â€¦Æ'æ °â€"㠫や㠣㠦ã る。㠲ょ㠣㠨ã â€"㠦é› ¢Ã£â€šÅ'㠦æš ®Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£ ™æ ¯ è ¦ ªÃ£ ®Ã© ¢Ã¥ ½ ±Ã£â€šâ€™Ã§ § 㠟㠡㠫è ¦â€¹Ã£ ¦Ã£ „る㠮㠋。 Ã¥ ä ¸â‚¬Ã¦Å"ˆå Šã °Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã§Å ¶Ã£ ®Ã¦ ºâ€"備㠮è © ±Ã© ¡Å'㠫㠪㠣㠟。ã ん㠪ç § 㠟㠡㠮ä ¼Å¡Ã¨ © ±Ã£ «Ã¤ ¸ æ€ è °Ã£ 㠆㠪é ¡â€Ã£ §Ã¥ °â€¹Ã£ ã‚‹å ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ§â€ž ¡Ã§ †ã‚‚㠪ã „。æ ¯ è ¦ ªÃ£ ¨Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§ ·â€™Ã£ «Ã£ „ã Ÿé Æ'㠯ã€ ä ½ Ã¥ ±â€¦Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ » ¢Ã£â‚¬â€¦Ã£ ¨Ã£ â€"㠦ã „㠟㠨è žã „ã Ÿã€‚å ¹ ´Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã§Å ¶Ã£ ©Ã£ “゠㠧㠯㠪㠋㠣㠟㠮ã ゠㠆。 㠿ん㠪㠧ã “㠣ã ã‚Šå ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£ «Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã§Å ¶Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ£ ™ä ºâ€¹Ã£ «Ã¦ ± ºÃ£â€š 㠟。㠟ã 㠕ん㠮å ¹ ¸Ã£ ݋ «Ã¥â€º ²Ã£ ¾Ã£â€šÅ'る㠓㠨ã‚’é ¡ËœÃ£ „。 ã€Å'åˆ ã‚ ã ¦Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã§Å ¶Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£â€šâ€°Ã£ £Ã£ Ÿã€‚å ¤ §Ã¥Ë†â€¡Ã£ «Ã© ¡ 㠫é £ ¾Ã£ £Ã£ Ÿã‚ˆã€‚ã€ ä »â€¢Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¥ §â€¹Ã£â€š 㠯å ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£ ®Ã¦ ºâ‚¬Ã© ¢Ã£ ®Ã§ ¬â€˜Ã© ¡â€Ã£ §Ã¥ ¹â€¢Ã£ Å'éâ€"‹ã „㠟。 Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã§Å ¶Ã£ ¯Ã£ ™ã ¹Ã£ ¦Ã£ ®Ã¤ º ºÃ£â€šâ€™Ã¥ ¹ ¸Ã£ ݋ «Ã£ â€"㠦ã ã‚Å'る。 "Nengajou tte nan desu ka." Sakunen kara watashitachi to hatarakidashita juuroku-sai no shoujo ga tazuneta. Hahaoya kara ikujihouki sare, ima wa yougoshisetsu ni iru kanojo.Teijisei koukou mo yameteshimatta kanojo o mikane, uchi no byouinchou ga chourihojoin to shite yatotta. Heikin nenrei gojussai no chouriba. Juuroku-sai no shoujo ga tanoshii tokoro towa omoenai ga, kanojo wa mainichi genki ni yatte kuru. Hyottoshite hanarete kurasu hahaoya no omokage o watashitachi ni mite iru no ka. Juuichi-gatsu nakaba nengajou no junbi no wadai ni natta. Sonna watashitachi no kaiwa ni fushigisouna kao de tazuneru kanojo. Muri mo nai. Hahaoya to isshoni ita koto wa, juukyo o tenten to shiteita to kiita. Negajou dokoro dewa nakatta no darou. Minna de kossori kanojo ni nengajou o dasu koto ni kimeta. Takusan no shiawase ni kakomareru koto o negai. Hajimete nengajou moratta. Taisetsu ni gaku ni kazatta yo. Shigotohajime wa kanojo no manmen no egao de maku ga hiraita. Nengajou wa subete no hito o shiawase ni shitekureru.
Friday, November 22, 2019
Understanding the Definition of Symmetric Difference
Understanding the Definition of Symmetric Difference Set theory uses a number of different operations to construct new sets from old ones. There are a variety of ways to select certain elements from given sets while excluding others. The result is typically a set that differs from the original ones. It is important to have well-defined ways to construct these new sets, and examples of these include the union, intersection, and difference of two sets. A set operation that is perhaps less well-known is called the symmetric difference. Symmetric Difference Definition To understand the definition of the symmetric difference, we must first understand the word or. Although small, the word or has two different uses in the English language. It can be exclusive or inclusive (and it was just used exclusively in this sentence). If we are told that we may choose from A or B, and the sense is exclusive, then we may only have one of the two options. If the sense is inclusive, then we may have A, we may have B, or we may have both A and B. Typically the context guides us when we run up against the word or and we don’t even need to think about which way it’s being used. If we are asked if we would like cream or sugar in our coffee, it’s clearly implied that we may have both of these. In mathematics, we want to eliminate ambiguity. So the word or in mathematics has an inclusive sense. The word or is thus employed in the inclusive sense in the definition of the union. The union of the sets A and B is the set of elements in either A or B (including those elements that are in both sets). But it becomes worthwhile to have a set operation that constructs the set containing elements in A or B, where or is used in the exclusive sense. This is what we call the symmetric difference. The symmetric difference of the sets A and B are those elements in A or B, but not in both A and B. While notation varies for the symmetric difference, we will write this as A ∆B For an example of the symmetric difference, we will consider the sets A {1,2,3,4,5} and B {2,4,6}. The symmetric difference between these sets is {1,3,5,6}. In Terms of Other Set Operations Other set operations can be used to define the symmetric difference. From the above definition, it is clear that we may express the symmetric difference of A and B as the difference of the union of A and B and the intersection of A and B. In symbols we write: A ∆B (A ∠ª B) – (A ∠© B). An equivalent expression, using some different set operations, helps to explain the name symmetric difference. Rather than use the above formulation, we may write the symmetric difference as follows: (A – B ) ∠ª (B – A). Here we see again that the symmetric difference is the set of elements in A but not B, or in B but not A. Thus we have excluded those elements in the intersection of A and B. It is possible to prove mathematically that these two formulas are equivalent and refer to the same set.​ The Name Symmetric Difference The name symmetric difference suggests a connection with the difference of two sets. This set difference is evident in both formulas above. In each of them, a difference of two sets was computed. What sets the symmetric difference apart from the difference is its symmetry. By construction, the roles of A and B can be changed. This is not true for the difference between two sets. To stress this point, with just a little work we will see the symmetry of the symmetric difference since we see A ∆B (A – B ) ∠ª (B – A) (B – A) ∠ª (A – B ) B ∆A.
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
DP CH 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
DP CH 2 - Essay Example The chapter also deals with the theoretical framework in order to deal with the diabetes issue among South Asian women. For this purpose, Precede Proceed Model will be discussed in length in order to form a systematic approach that will further help in identifying ways of mitigating the impact of diabetes among South Asian women in a rationale manner. There is no doubt that social, cultural, economic, and political factors affect the well being of individuals and the chapter will analyse the impact and influence of all these factors in a critical manner. This will further help in ascertaining the impact and influence of internal and external factors in a systematic manner. Data for this purpose will be collected mainly from, Nutrition journals, American Journal of Epidemiology, Diabetes Care journals, and Pub Med. The main concept for data search is based on ascertaining the rise of diabetes among South Asian women, internal and external factors affecting diabetes, socio-economic fac tors, cultural factors, and genetic and biological factors. The researcher believes that analyzing and assessing the above mentioned literatures will help in dealing with the research topic in a systematic and critical manner. Moreover, this will help in accomplishing the purposed major goals and objectives of the research in a significant manner. Overall, it can be believed that assessing social, demographic, cultural, and political factors through relevant literature will help in dealing with the research topic in a rationale and succinct manner. The next part of the discussion presents the theoretical framework that will further define the use of Precede Proceed Model in dealing with diabetes issue. Theoretical Framework The theory that has been used for analyzing the rise of diabetes among South Asian women is Precede Proceed Model. Precede Proceed Model is a health framework that helps policy makers, health planners, and healthcare professionals to analyze and design health car e programs in an effective and efficient manner. This model helps in analyzing the quality of life and assessing healthcare needs in a rationale manner. The most important and fundamental assumption of this model is the active participation of audience in terms of defining their issues along with ascertaining short and long term solutions in a significant manner. This model states that health behaviour is determined by individual and environmental factors and thus educational and ecological diagnosis is conducted in a systematic manner. Educational diagnosis in the form of Precede includes, predisposing, reinforcing, enabling constructs, educational diagnosis, and evaluation while ecological diagnosis in the form of Proceed includes policy, regulatory, organizational constructs in educational and environmental development. The Precede framework was firstly introduced in early 70s with a view that treatment plan is dependent on the educational diagnosis of the health problem to devel op intervention programs. The model is based on the notion that predisposing factors like knowledge, attitude, beliefs, self efficacy, and personal preferences in order to achieve personal desired healthcare goals and objectives. Precede Proceed Model gained immense popularity in the healthcare industry helping in developing intervention programs to deal with wide arrays of healthcare issues and problems. In the context of diabetes, it can be believed that the Precede Proceed Model has been proved as of great utility and importance in taking
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Business Organisation and Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Business Organisation and Policy - Essay Example Strategic management has commonly been portrayed as revolving around the discrete phases of formulation, implementation, and control, carried out in almost cascading steps (Mintzberg, Ahlstrand and Lampel, 2008). These are three steps of the planned corporate approach to strategy involves a formal process to strategy formation: problem awareness, the development of solutions and the selection of a solution (Forbes and Fletcher, 2006). In the same context, Marlo (2006) denoted a planned corporate strategy comprising of a declaration of specific and expressed intentions, supported with formal controls. Jauch and Osborn (2006) commented with his realization that towards a successful outcome of the strategy, a firm structure is necessary for an organization. Hence all decisions made from the top management can be carried out throughout the organization, with the "people" convinced and act in ways that are expected to create desirable results ad hoc to the plan. Therefore, strategy-making authority rests with top management, committing a centralized power in an organization. In view of the forward looking nature of a planned corporate strategy, Mazzolini (2008) observed that goals or objective fulfillments are the critical outcome of the strategy. In a foresight, Snow and Hambrick (2007) notes that the planned co... Harrison and Philips (2006) found out that a planned corporate strategy is often billed as a future oriented activity, merely projecting the recent past into the future. Through this process, it carries out operational planning, project planning and strategic planning constantly, making sure that top management holds the influence and control for the undertaking in the future. The basic concept behind planned corporate strategy is just exactly what the name implies meaning that it is planned corporate therefore at best a guess/forecast which then is the basis for any type of decision making. Typically, organisations will "plan"/forecast variables that they foresee that will have an future impact on their business, so they anticipate certain events to occur in the future, and as a result of this anticipation they design and implement a strategy to effectively allocate the proper resources in place to either minimise or maximise respectively the negative or positive effects of the event. In essence, it allows an organization to "see the bigger picture" of the challenges and opportunities ahead of them. Any form of planned corporate strategy will contain some element of contingency planning, though not much, but these contingencies are not the focal point of planned corporate strategy. Opponents of this type of strategy believe that this strategy is at best a guess, which could be totally wrong. An example of such a strategy failing was the lack of business planners to adequately factor "terrorism issues" in their business planning, The business planners in the airline industry were hit the hardest during 9/11, as their planned corporate strategy had no contingency to
Saturday, November 16, 2019
Testimony of personal connection with god Essay Example for Free
Testimony of personal connection with god Essay When we talk about a church leader having a testimony, it proofs that God is with the leader and leader is with God. A church leader seeks a leadership ministry in Gods service and discusses his personal experience in the Christ. Sharing of a Christian testimony with others in public is the result of that personal experience. â€Å"The LORD was with Joseph, and he was a prosperous man; and he was in the house of his master the Egyptian†(Genesis 39:2) Private and public life of a church leader, as a Christian, supports his testimony and influences others to become Christian. People expect church leader to be person who follows words and prayers of God. A church leader demonstrates people by giving example of personal closeness to God in his private and public. People judge their weaknesses with the help of purposeful Christian testimony of the leader. A church leader witnesses for Christ through his hands, lips, works and entire life. STRONG CERTAINTY AS A CHURCH LEADER Certainty represents freedom and surety of fact from doubt. It means a church leader is ahead of all other people sent by God. A church leader has a sense of call to be Gods leader so it gives him a special desire for leadership ministry. It also gives him a deep faith that God has His hands in his progress. It helps in making him sure that God wants him to be a church leader. â€Å"†¦. God sent me ahead of you†¦.. to preserve for you a remnant on earth †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. it was not you who sent me here, but God†(Gen 45. 5,7,8). His firm belief gives him inner faith and courage and helps him to go through hard times in his work by staying firmly on the job until finish it according to God’s order. He does his job with dignity and proud character and blessings of the God who asked him to lead and serve. â€Å"Paul, a bond-servant of Christ Jesus, called as an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God†(Romans 1). The ministry requires church leaders to be certain of their calling as Gods leaders. INTEGRITY BEING A PART OF PERSONALITY Integrity is being truthful and honest. It also refers moral excellence and living and doing in a right manner. A church leader is true to him-self and keeps him-self pure and honorable. He knows the importance to keep integrity in front of God and people. Integrity as a needed quality for church leaders, and a church leader is free from any blame. He stands for God before his group and the people inside and outside of the church. A church planter makes a new church healthy when he has integrity in his private and public life. He knows how important it is for him to have authority as a leader, not only for just leadership but a church leader shows it in daily life. People need church leaders having integrity in their personality to teach them the difference between the right and wrong and help them choosing the right. DISTINCT CAPABILITIES. When we talk about capabilities it represents fitness or ability. Distinct capability of a church leader enables him to do his job in a good manner wherever he serves people. Church leaders are good mentors they are wise and trusted persons who give advices. A church leader keeps on improving his talent by using his mentor and measuring obtaining results. People think that the greatest ability of a church leader is that, he depends only on God to avoid making mistakes in delivering his services to both God and people. Ability for church leading or planting is one of the parts of learnt talents of a church leader. USE OF AUTHORITY A church leader should use his authority properly which is given by the God and community. A church leader is not a good leader if no one is following him. People obey him because of his owning authority and their trust on his authority. Church leaders know above all else, that their power as a leader came from God. They receive authority and become God’s witnesses when the Holy Spirit appears on them. A church leader understands that his leadership power comes from the God and understands that those, whom he serves, give him authority as a leader. â€Å"A Christian does not forget that his leadership depends on responsibility that goes with authority†(2-corinthians-5:9) A church leader uses these blessings for establishing of the groups or churches, his position as a leader is to achieve success in carrying out Gods purpose. If a church leader uses his authority in a wrong or bad use then he will definitely suffer for his doings. The church leaders should not forget that their leaderships depend on responsibility and their authority goes with equal responsibility. It means they should be able to believe and precede these authorities in a reasonable manner. ACCOUNTABLE. A church leader is responsible for using church assets and other resources in an appropriate manner – he should be accountable for himself. So Pharaoh said to Joseph, Im putting you in charge of the whole land of Egypt’ (Genesis 41:41). They trusted Joseph because of his self accountability. People who follow and support a church leader do not question about his plans for them. He opens his books for others to see and believes that honesty is a good policy. Church leaders spend their life on good and respected principles, the God and people expect that every church leader must have all of the qualities of Abraham, Noah, etc. A Church leader in leadership position is believed accountable and honest Christian leader. He needs to love the God’s messenger’s reports or reviews and do what they do. The reports or reviews help him to improve from good to a better leader. A church leader makes decisions according to religious possibilities; he accepts responsibility for the obtaining result of his decisions. People usually do not consider religious aspects in their routine they read religious books like open letters. A church leader knows how to make good decisions, he then lives with the decisions that he has made and accepts responsibility for his works.
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Matthew Hopkins - An English Witchfinder :: essays research papers
Matthew Hopkins - An English Witchfinder "Thou must not suffer a witch to live." This single phrase justified the death of thousands of victims throughout Europe and North America. Matthew Hopkins was an English witchfinder who was responsible for the ruthless persecution of scores of alleged witches during the witchcraft mania that swept parts of England under the Puritans. Born in c.1621 Hopkins was a son of a minister and raised in Essex, which had a long tradition persecuting witches. Hopkins studied law and had a variety of careers before he hit upon the idea of establishing his career as a witchfinder in the Essex parish of Manningtree and Mistley around 1644. It must be noted that his timing was brilliant. The Civil War was wreaking havoc on England and creating tension throughout Puritan society. Anyone who suggested a reason for the nation's trouble was going to get a hearing. Hopkins at the age of 24 made his first charge against a one-legged crone called Elizabeth Clarke, claiming she was a member of a coven in the Manningtree area. Clarke was arrested and questioned in Chelmsford. As a result of her "confessions" roughly 31 other women were brought before the Assizes, nineteen of whom were hanged. This was the beginning of Hopkins' "reign of terror." After adopting the self-styled title of Witchfinder-General Hopkins acquired two assistants, John Stearne and Mary Phillips, who searched for the "Devil's Mark" on the accused. Apparently obsessed by his mission to obtain confessions of witchcraft, the three began a tour of the eastern counties of England. To those who questioned his qualifications for such work, pointing out that he had never studied the subject, he replied that his expertise issued "from experience, which though it be meanly esteemed of, yet surest and safest way to judge by." Such was the demand of his services that he made an extraordinary profit from his work considering that the average daily wages of the time was as little as 2.5 pence. Hopkins charged 40 shillings for each investigation that he was asked to undertake and 9 pence for each witch he found. When the proceeding from a single town was over, the bill was usually between  £15 and  £23. In the space of little more than a year Hopkins brought over a hundred women, typically old, poor and unattractive, to the gallows in Essex alone. He extracted his confessions by various means such as `pricking', `swimming', and `watching and waking'.
Monday, November 11, 2019
The Relevancy that Zionism Possess in the Arab-Israeli Conflict
Executive SummaryThà µ conflict bà µtwà µÃ µn thà µ Israà µlis and thà µ Palà µstinians was a consà µquà µncà µ of onà µ of thà µ most glorious and crà µativà µ movà µmà µnts of thà µ last cà µntury: modà µrn Zionism. A hundrà µd yà µars ago, somà µ of thà µ most vital à µlà µmà µnts in thà µ Jà µwish community all ovà µr thà µ world attà µmptà µd to join thà µ modà µrn world by rà µjà µcting thà µ passivity of thà µir ancià µnt mà µssianic rà µligion.Thà µ Zionists thought that Jà µws would achià µvà µ a kind of rà µdà µmption by cà µasing to bà µ diffà µrà µnt from and pà µrsà µcutà µd by thà µ nations of thà µ world. Somà µhow, thà µy thought, thà µ inà µvitablà µ discomforts and conflicts with thà µ Arabs would bà µ rà µsolvà µd. Thà µ Jà µws would find pà µacà µ and accà µptancà µ in thà µ land whà µrà µ thà µir ancà µstors had oncà µ fashionà µd thà µir rà µligion and culturà µ. But it was not to bà µ. Instà µad, from its và µry bà µginning to this và µry day, Zionism has confrontà µd a cà µntury of war.This papà µr discuss thà µ issuà µ of Jà µws on thà µ land of Palà µstinà µ is và µry complà µx. Thà µ nationalists bà µlià µvà µ that thà µ Jà µwish pà µoplà µ will bà µ à µndangà µrà µd unlà µss thà µir basà µ is rà µ-à µstablishà µd in thà µir ancià µnt homà µland. Thus nà µithà µr group can à µvà µr grant thà µ ultimatà µ Palà µstinian dà µmand that thà µ Jà µws cà µasà µ thà µir aggrà µssion and go à µlsà µwhà µrà µ. Modà µrn Zionism bà µgan with thà µ vision of a â€Å"normalizà µd†Jà µwish pà µoplà µ, a nation among nations that would bà µ part of thà µ world as of right. Thà µ most important Jà µwish dà µmand is thà µrà µforà µ that at thà µ à µnd of thà µ pà µacà µ procà µss, thà µ Arabs agrà µÃ µ that thà µ Jà µws' à µxistà µncà µ in thà µ rà µgion is pà µrmanà µnt and ca n nà µvà µr again bà µ quà µstionà µd.Thà µ Rà µlà µvancy that Zionism Possà µss in thà µ Arab-Israà µli ConflictThà µ conflict bà µtwà µÃ µn Zionism and thà µ Arab statà µs has bà µÃ µn thà µ focus of intà µrnational attà µntion sincà µ thà µ à µnd of World War I. It was a subjà µct of major concà µrn to thà µ old Là µaguà µ of Nations; aftà µr World War II, it was onà µ of thà µ first disputà µs in which thà µ Unità µd Nations (U.N.) was involvà µd. For many yà µars, it was a factor in thà µ Cold War bà µtwà µÃ µn thà µ Sovià µt Union and thà µ Wà µst. (Smith, 1992) Morà µ than half a dozà µn spà µcial U.N. organizations havà µ bà µÃ µn crà µatà µd to dà µal with thà µ situation. (Rà µich, à µt al., 1996)Thà µ conflict has cà µntà µrà µd on thà µ strugglà µ bà µtwà µÃ µn Zionism, or Jà µwish nationalism, and Arab nationalism for control of Palà µstinà µ. (Yonah, 1973) It has involvà µd not only thà µ Jà µwish and Arab inhabitants of Palà µstinà µ but also thà µir rà µspà µctivà µ supportà µrs around thà µ world, that is, both Jà µwish and non-Jà µwish advocatà µs of a Jà µwish statà µ and thà µ 21 mà µmbà µrs of thà µ Arab Là µaguà µ and thà µir supportà µrs throughout thà µ Islamic and many Third World nations. (Là µsch & Tschirgi, 1998)Palà µstinà µ did not à µxist as a sà µparatà µ political à µntity until Grà µat Britain took ovà µr thà µ country at thà µ à µnd of World War I. From 1517 until 1918, Palà µstinà µ was part of thà µ Ottoman Õmpirà µ. (Là µsch & Tschirgi, 1998) Prior to thà µ Ottoman à µra, thà µ country had lot of rulà µrs. Jà µwish, and latà µr Zionist, claims to Palà µstinà µ dà µrivà µ from biblical accounts of ancià µnt Hà µbrà µw tribà µs and Israà µlità µ kingdoms that à µxistà µd in thà µ country. (Smith, 1992)Palà µstinà µ is also important to Christianity and Islam. Jà µsus Christ was born and di à µd in Palà µstinà µ and livà µd most of his lifà µ thà µrà µ. Palà µstinà µ bà µcamà µ an Arab and Islamic country somà µ 1,300 yà µars ago whà µn tribà µs from thà µ Arabian pà µninsula conquà µrà µd it during thà µir swà µÃ µp through thà µ Middlà µ Õast aftà µr thà µ dà µath of thà µ Prophà µt Muhammad. (Frà µÃ µdman, 1979)Thà µ Arab-Israà µli conflict originatà µd in thà µ contà µst among Õuropà µan powà µrs to control thà µ Arab tà µrritorià µs of thà µ Ottoman Õmpirà µ. Just at thà µ timà µ that Arabs bà µgan to dà µvà µlop thà µir own sà µnsà µ of nationalism, thà µy found thà µir drà µams contà µstà µd by Õuropà µan ambitions and by thà µ countà µrclaims of thà µ nà µw Jà µwish nationalist movà µmà µnt that arosà µ in Õuropà µ. In addition to fà µaring Õuropà µan colonialism, rà µsidà µnts of Arab provincà µs bà µgan to fà µar thà µ Zionist movà µmà µnt. (Smith, 1992)A sà µ nsà µ of Jà µwish nationalism was à µmà µrging in Õuropà µ in thà µ 1880s, in rà µaction to dà µÃ µp-sà µatà µd anti-Sà µmitism and to thà µ difficulty that Jà µws facà µd assimilating into Õuropà µan socià µty. Zionists fà µlt that Jà µws could not bà µ fully accà µptà µd in Õuropà µ and that thà µy nà µÃ µdà µd to rulà µ thà µir own indà µpà µndà µnt statà µ. Although Zionism attractà µd limità µd support in thà µ formativà µ pà µriod, Jà µwish immigration to Palà µstinà µ from 1882 to 1914 incrà µasà µd thà µ numbà µr of Jà µwish rà µsidà µnts from 6 pà µrcà µnt to 10 pà µrcà µnt of thà µ population thà µrà µ. (Smith, 1992)Thà µ World Zionist Organization (WZO), foundà µd in 1897 (Là µsch & Tschirgi, 1998), assistà µd immigrants and bought land with thà µ aim of crà µating a Jà µwish statà µ in Palà µstinà µ. Whà µn thà µ Palà µstinian rà µsidà µnts protà µstà µd against thà µsà µ political aims , thà µ Ottoman rulà µrs trià µd to rà µstrict Jà µwish immigration and purchasà µ of land. (Nà µff, 1995) This Jà µwish nationalism clashà µd with thà µ nationalism of thà µ Palà µstinian Arabs, who comprisà µd 90 pà µrcà µnt of thà µ rà µsidà µnts. (Smith, 1992)Thà µ Arabs' bittà µrnà µss ovà µr thà µ Palà µstinians' fatà µ bà µgan to bà µ matchà µd by Zionist hostility to British rulà µ at thà µ à µnd of thà µ 1930s. (Nà µff, 1995) Although thà µ official Zionist là µadà µrship dà µcidà µd not to à µngagà µ in armà µd strugglà µ against British rulà µ whilà µ Britain was fighting Hitlà µr's Gà µrmany, somà µ Zionist splintà µr groups wagà µd a campaign of tà µrrorism against thà µ mandatory administration, à µvà µn during World War II. (Davidson, 1996) Aftà µr thà µ war à µndà µd, official Zionist-British rà µlations in Palà µstinà µ dà µtà µrioratà µd into a tà µnsà µ, and somà µtimà µs violà µnt, confrontat ion. (Frà µÃ µdman, 1979)World War II là µd to a groundswà µll of support in thà µ Unità µd Statà µs and Õuropà µ for a Jà µwish statà µ, as a rà µsult of shock at thà µ Nazis' nà µar annihilation of Õuropà µan Jà µwry. (Smith, 1992) Zionists hardà µnà µd thà µir political position, insisting that thà µ Jà µwish statà µ must à µncompass all of Palà µstinà µ bà µcausà µ that statà µ would sà µrvà µ as thà µ havà µn for world Jà µwry. Thà µ war also crà µatà µd a massivà µ problà µm of displacà µd pà µrsons in Õuropà µ, ovà µr onà µ hundrà µd thousand of whom wà µrà µ Jà µws.Zionist là µadà µrs pointà µd to thà µ là µgal barrià µrs hindà µring thà µ immigration of Jà µws to thà µ Unità µd Statà µs and othà µr countrià µs, and strongly supportà µd thà µ rà µcommà µndation of thà µ Anglo-Amà µrican Committà µÃ µ of Inquiry in 1946 that thosà µ onà µ hundrà µd thousand Holocaust survivors sà µttlà µ in P alà µstinà µ. (Smith, 1992) Thà µ loss of Palà µstinà µ à µmbittà µrà µd Arabs against thà µ Õuropà µan colonial powà µrs that had carvà µd up thà µir land and aidà µd Zionism. (Yonah, 1973) But thà µ dà µfà µat also là µd to sà µlf-criticism. Arab pà µoplà µs dà µnouncà µd thà µir rulà µrs for corruption, and Arab soldià µrs dà µnouncà µd thà µir military officà µrs for incompà µtà µncà µ. (Wagnà µr, 2003)Thà µ Zionist charactà µr of thà µ statà µ of Israà µl has rà µmainà µd thà µ major cornà µrstonà µ of thà µ Palà µstinian-Israà µli conflict sincà µ 1948. (Gilland, 2003) As such it must bà µ undà µrstood if any mà µaningful, fair and just solution to thà µ conflict is to bà µ considà µrà µd. Thà µ Zionism of Israà µl's charactà µr has rà µmainà µd primarily a sà µcular Jà µwish nationalism; by dà µfinition, it has to do with thà µ Jà µwish pà µoplà µ. (Stà µrnhà µll, 2004)Thà µ Palà µstinian position has nà µvà µr rà µally bà µÃ µn facà µd by thà µ Israà µlis and thà µir supportà µrs throughout thà µ world. Zionists, both in Israà µl and abroad, arà µ à µssà µntially Wà µstà µrnà µrs who bà µlià µvà µ that problà µms havà µ rational solutions and that agà µ-old rà µligious or nationalist quarrà µls can ultimatà µly bà µ solvà µd by compromisà µ. (Là µsch & Tschirgi, 1998)Zionism has bà µÃ µn a grà µat succà µss and a grà µat failurà µ. (Gilland, 2003) Thà µ succà µss is thà µ crà µation of a viablà µ Jà µwish Statà µ with a population that includà µs almost half thà µ world's Jà µws. (Mattair, 1992) Thà µ failurà µ is that it has provokà µd Arab à µnmity to such a dà µgrà µÃ µ that a military dà µfà µat of Israà µl would bà µ followà µd by a sà µcond Holocaust. (Rà µÃ µs, Hamad & Klà µin, 2003) Israà µl was à µstablishà µd in ordà µr to providà µ a havà µn from pà µrsà µcution, but has bà µcomà µ thà µ country in which Jà µws run thà µ highà µst risk of dà µath by violà µncà µ.Golda Mà µir bà µlià µvà µd that a pà µacà µ agrà µÃ µmà µnt with thà µ Arabs cannot bà µ achià µvà µd until thà µ nà µighboring Statà µs havà µ bà µcomà µ dà µmocracià µs. (Salt, 2002) This vià µw may wà µll bà µ corrà µct, but à µfforts to achià µvà µ a modus vivà µndi bà µtwà µÃ µn Israà µl and thà µ Arabs must bà µ rà µsumà µd whà µn thà µ lattà µr havà µ cà µasà µd to bà µlià µvà µ that thà µir aims can bà µ achià µvà µd by tà µrrorism. (Mà µzvinsky, 2003) Undoubtà µdly, Zionism posà µss a grà µat rà µlà µvancy in Arab-Israà µli conflict. Howà µvà µr, no lasting pà µacà µ will bà µ possiblà µ until thà µ Palà µstinian Arabs havà µ abandonà µd thà µ aim of dà µstroying Israà µl by crà µating an Arab majority in that country by insisting on thà µ rà µturn of thà µ rà µfugà µÃ µs and thà µir dà µscà µndants and thà µ majority of Palà µstinian Arabs havà µ bà µcomà µ citizà µns of Arab countrià µs.ReferencesFreedman, Robert O. (1979) World Politics and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Pergamon Press.Geddes, Charles L. A (1991) Documentary History of the Arab-Israeli. Praeger.Reich, B., Goldberg, J. et al. (1996). A Historical Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli. Greenwood PressYonah, Alexander, ed. (1973). Crescent and Star: Arab and Israeli Perspectives on the Middle East Conflict. New York: AMS Press,Smith, Charles D. (1992). Palestine and the Arab -Israeli Conflict. 2nd Ed. New York: St. Martin's Press.Hertzberg, Arthur. (2001, Jan/Feb). A Small Peace for Middle East. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 80, Issue 1.Wagner, Donald E. (2003, June 28). Marching to Zion. Christian Century, Vol. 120, Issue 13Lesch, Ann M. & Tschirgi, Dan. (1998) Origins and Development of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Greenwood Press.Gilland, Bernard. (2003, January) Zionism, Israel and the Arabs. Contemporary Review, Vol. 282.Rees Mat t, Hamad, Jamil & Klein, Aharon. (2003, January 20) Back to Zionism. Time Europe, Vol. 161 Issue 3, p.40Sternhell, Zeev. (2004, October). Blood and Soil. Index on Censorship, Vol. 33. Issue 4, pp. 178-189.Salt, Jeremy. (April-May 2002). Armageddon in the Middle East? Arena Magazine, Vol 3Mezvinsky, Norton. (2003) The Underlying Realities of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict after 11 September. Arab Studies Quarterly, Vol. 25Neff, Donald (1995) The Palestinians and Zionism: 1897-1948. Middle East Policy, Vol. 4Davidson, Lawrence. (1996) Zionism, Socialism and United States Support for the Jewish Colonization of Palestine in the 1920s. Arab Studies Quarterly, Vol. 18Mattair, Thomas R. (1992) The Arab Israeli Conflict; from Shamir to Rabin to Peace? Middle East Policy, Vol. 1
Saturday, November 9, 2019
Psychoanalytic Theories Essay
The psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler are similar in so many ways, but different at the same time. Each one starts their theories of by studying the behavior of young children as they developed into young adults. By studying their behavior as a child showed that, the events and activities that the child experience affected them as adults. What the child experienced at a young age affected each child differently, from making them feel inferior or powerless to their peers and parents. These feelings led to them having inferior complex as adults. Freud, Jung and Adler had their own view on the human behavior. Jung is unique in recognizing that the ‘dissociability of the psyche’ is a fundamental process that extends along the continuum from ‘normal’ mental functioning to ‘abnormal’ states. However, when the cohesion of consciousness is shattered by extreme childhood traumata, as it is in the development of multiple personality, this natural differentiation of function is intensified and the dissociative splits between autonomous forces in the psyche become more extreme. In addition, the phenomenon of multiple personality is, in turn, important for realizing the central significance of dissociation in the complex theory and provides an excellent contemporary clinical example of the archetypal ground of the psyche (1989). Freud’s speculative reconstruction of the original human family consisting of a dominant, powerful man governing over a subordinate group of women and younger men, and accounting for the origin of behaviors such as the incest taboo, guilt, totemism, and marriage outside one’s own social group. His approach, theories, and methods have been criticized for several reasons: the unsystematic and uncontrolled manner of data collection and interpretation; an overemphasis on biological factors, especially sex, as the major force in personality development, and an excessive deterministic or mechanistic view of the influence of past behavior on a person’s present functioning (2006). Adler theory was different from Jung’s and Freud’s, his theory was based on human motivation, individual psychology, inferiority and superiority complex, organ inferiority and aggression driven. Unlike Jung and Freud their theories were more based on the sexual behavior of a person, Adler studied each person’s motivation for their actions. During his studies he discovered femininity in women and the masculinity in men. He believed that all children were powerless and dependent because of the position in today’s sociality. This did not only play a role in sociality but as well in the order in which you were born in your family. Throughout each chapter I found numerous traits and characteristics that I agreed with but the two that stands out the most to me are superiority complex and the aggression drive found in Adler theories. Superiority complex is in everyone someway shape of fashion; it is just human nature to want to control someone or something in life. As a child we are looking up to everyone and wanting to be in their position because it looks a lot better from where we stand. The superiority complex goes hand in hand with the aggression drive due to the fact that we are so ready to be an adult. The aggression drive trait pushes us to be more aggressive in accomplishing our goals to be a successful adult and have the finer things in life. We all have different personalities however the superiority complex and aggression drive characteristics is majority of all of us, however in Freud’s studies he created several stages they he believed people go through for example the phallic and oral stage as a child. These stages are something that children go through but grow out of them as an adult, I disagree with these stages because as a child you are learning new things every day and by learning something different your judgment will become better and you will know what and what not to do. Adler, Freud and Jung had their own personal psychoanalytic theories based on sexual behavior, childhood experiences, and other major events that happen throughout their lives. The study of the human personality is always changing and developing new traits and characteristics, no one person is the same but we all have similar traits and characteristics. Psychoanalytic theories are good to help better understand a person’s personality but it is not a tool that can really be reliable if you do not study the individual’s background and religion. ?
Thursday, November 7, 2019
“Divergent†by Veronica Roth Essay Essays
â€Å"Divergent†by Veronica Roth Essay Essays â€Å"Divergent†by Veronica Roth Essay Paper â€Å"Divergent†by Veronica Roth Essay Paper Your determination in life all comes down to you and the way you choose. but merely one pick can transform you. Veronica Roth created a unusual dystopian universe that morally depends on the picks people make in life. because their picks define who they are as people. Her futuristic universe is divided into five cabals that each represents something different ; Abnegation ( the selfless ) . Candor ( the honest ) . Erudite ( the intelligent ) . Amity ( the peaceful ) and Dauntless ( the brave ) . These five cabals were made up to forestall war and convey peace to the universe and when they turn 16 they get the opportunity to take to go forth their household. to reassign into a new cabal or remain with them. but the pick all came down to them. Thesis: In the fresh Divergent Veronica Roth examines how the subject of pick leads to bravery. treachery. and greed. Body Paragraph 1: Topic sentence- First the subject of pick leads to bravery. because of Tris selfish pick to go forth abnegation and travel into dauntless. Point: Tris courage in going a portion of the dauntless is a foil to her ain character. because Tris is a individual of action. who has bravery and is courageous. but Beatrice. is the complete antonym. If Tris neer made the pick to go forth her cabal. she would hold neer learned to be brave adequate to get the better of her frights and bend from the underdog into a hero. Bravery is represented in this book as being selfish and foolish. because the characters of the audacious construct of courage is moving in pathetic life endangering state of affairss to turn out who is most make bolding to take part. However. courage is genuinely presented as Tris goes through induction. Not merely has her pick to reassign into a different cabal show her courage but it besides brought out her interior abnegation and taught her how to be altruistic as good: â€Å"I believe in or dinary Acts of the Apostless of courage. in the bravery that drives one individual to stand up for another. †( Roth 207 ) Analysis: The significance of this quotation mark is to demo how Tris resembles bravery itself. Tris showed people that courage is non merely about being strong and committing Acts of the Apostless of pitilessness ; it is about standing up for what you believe is right and being the large individual in a state of affairs when no 1 else is. Her pick to be courageous and stand up for other people is what made her the hero in the terminal. Through courage Tris was able to impart other traits in her from other cabals and make a new her. Because of her willingness to be courageous she was able to alter herself and the manner she thought. She was no longer the old Beatrice of abnegation. She turned in to the brave. brave. strong. smart and altruistic Tris of the dauntless. Any obstruction that came in her manner she was able to get the better of it and crush it and because of the 1 pick she made to make up ones mind to be brave. it made all the difference. Point 2: In add-on to the above. Tris is a foil to her ain character because if she had neer joined the dauntless. she would hold neer been able to be on her manner to salvaging the universe: â€Å"I feel like person breathed new air in my lungs. I am non abnegation. I am non audacious. I am Divergent. And I can’t be controlled. ( Roth 442 ) Analysis: The significance of this quotation mark is that it shows how much Tris character changed from when she was in Abnegation to now. Bing a portion of the dauntless gave Tris the strength. the courage. and the finding to acquire out at that place in the thick of it all as the universe is crumpling to stand up for her ain sort. If she neer made the pick to alter cabals. she would hold neer had the opportunity to wholly happen herself and who she genuinely is. do the friends she did. and larn how to confront her frights. Decision: In decision Tris courage and strengthTherefore Victoria Roth shows that through pick leads bravery. because courage isn’t merely something that happens on its ain. It is the pick and the act of courage that merely you can make up ones mind to perpetrate to and play a factor on your life. Body Paragraph: Topic sentence: Second the subject of pick leads to betrayal because ofTris and her brother. Caleb. pick to go forth their household Point:Tris and Caleb’s treachery is an illustration of poignancy. Before Tris and Caleb are chosen to travel up and make up ones mind on whether they will remain with their old cabal or go forth. their parents travel to compliment them: â€Å" My male parent kisses me on the caput and bang Caleb on the shoulder smile. See you shortly. he says. Without a hint of doubt†( Roth 40-41 ) Analysis: The significance of this quotation mark is that it shows how much injury and treachery they cause their male parent. particularly. at the clip. The one value that is most of import about being a portion of abnegation is non being selfish and to believe about others. In this instance Beatrice and Caleb’s pick to go forth their household behind was non an act of selfishness. because they merely considered themselves and non how their parents would experience. Thinking that his childs would take to come place and remain with him and their female parent. the male parent made a remark about how he would see them shortly before the choosing ceremonial started merely to cognize proceedingss subsequently that neither of his childs is coming home. and one of his childs ( Caleb ) are traveling place with the enemy- the erudite. The one pick they made that they thought would profit them more in life ended up taking to their dishonor and treachery of non merely their household but their e x- cabal. Point 2: Another act of treachery was when one of Tris friends. Al. about killed her out of green-eyed monster. and insecurity. Al was supposed to be person Tris thought she could depend on to maintain her safe. trust. and guarantee her that everything would be â€Å"okay†when the adversary of the narrative and his crew would pick on her ; but in the terminal he betrays her: â€Å"The soap odor is familiar. Lemon grass and sage. The same odor around Al’s bunk. A weight bead in my stomach†¦Ã¢â‚¬ â€Å"I suggest you rely on your transportation friends to protect you from now on. †he says â€Å"I idea I was†¦ I feel Al’s custodies against my oral cavity. and a shortness of breath jars my organic structure forward†¦Ã¢â‚¬ â€Å"He wanted you to be the little quiet miss from Abnegation†¦ He hurt you because your strength made him experience hebdomad. No other reason†( Roth 278. 295 ) Analysis: The significance of this quotation mark is that it shows you how one minute you can swear person and the following they can easy do the pick to betray and injury you. Veronica Roth creates poignancy for Tris. because Tris knows that she can no longer swear Al once more even though they were such good friends. Al’s one pick non merely ache Tris but it besides ruined their friendly relationship. and this is one of the ways Veronica Roth shows how your one pick can specify who you are as a individual. Tris’ strength and ability was what caused Al to be covetous and in the terminal his jealousy cost him. Decision:Therefore. Veronica Roth created a sense of treachery through the subject of pick. because it is another manner of her demoing how a specific pick can non merely impact you but the other people around you. Body Paragraph 3:Topic Sentence:The subject of pick leads to war as the leader of the Erudite chooses to get down a war over her ain selfish ground. The cabals were divided into five to forestall war and devastation from happening in the universe ; but because the people of abnegation are divergent she chooses to take away many people physical and mental control to get down a war and take them down: The subject of pick leads to greed because those who have power live in fright of fring it.
Monday, November 4, 2019
Authentication Mechanism for Fast Handover PMIPv6 Networks
Authentication Mechanism for Fast Handover PMIPv6 Networks N.S.Nandhinee S.Kayalvizhi  Abstract â€â€The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) proposed a host-based mobility management protocol, called Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) protocol for mobile nodes (MNs) to maintain continuous service when they move among different foreign networks. However, Mobile IPv6 does not provide good service for real-time applications because it causes longer disruptions when the handoff takes place. Recently, the IETF NETLMM working group developed a network-based localized mobility management protocol called Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) to reduce the handoff latency of MIPv6. PMIPv6 still suffers from packet loss problem and signaling overhead. This paper performs a Bicasting scheme to reduce packet loss, use the piggyback technique to reduce the signaling overhead, also provides Authentication mechanism for protecting valid user from attacks in PMIPv6 networks. Keywordsâ€â€Authentication, bicasting, handover, piggyback, Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) 1 . Introduction As wireless technologies have grown, all the people want to use wireless networks while moving from one place to another. At the same time Mobile MIPv6 was developed by the internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to support the Mobile Node. Even after introducing the Mobile IPv6 Mobile Nodes (MNs) did not receive any data packets when it performs the handover that involves , IP address configuration, movement detection and location update latencies. To reduce the handover latency, Fast Handover has been developed. Fast handover performs the movement detection and IP address whenever the Mobile Nodes move from one location to another. Therefore Fast handover protocol reduces the handover latency. However , MIPv6 cannot satisfy all the requirements of real time applications such as video streaming service and voice over internet protocol (VoIP) service due to its high handover latency. To address this problem, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) NETLMM working gro up developed a network based localized mobility management protocol called Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) to reduce the handoff latency of MIPv6.Moreover, PMIPv6 provides the IP with the mobility to support MNs without requiring its participation in any mobility-related signaling. Although PMIPv6 reduces lots of handoff latency compared with MIPv6, it still suffers from packet loss, signaling overhead and inefficient authentication procedure problems during handoff. This is because PMIPv6 does not use any buffer mechanism during the handoff procedure and performs the authentication and registration phases separately. Therefore this paper used a bicasting scheme for packet loss and piggybacking technique for signaling overhead. 2. Related works 2.1. survey on fast handover Chaung and Lee [2] proposed handoff schemes for PMIPv6 networks perform the authentication and registration phases separately, resulting in longer handoff latency. A. Pre-Handoff procedure The movements of an MN is det ected using the MAG and it performs mobility-related signaling with the LMA in place of the MN. The pre-handoff phase starts only when the MN is going to leave the range of the serving MAG (i.e., MAG1). First, MAG1 sends a handoff initial (HI) message to the target MAG(i.e., MN-ID) and the address of the target MAG. Then , MAG2 sends back a handoff acknowledgement (HACK) message to MAG1, and then a bi-directional tunnel is built between MAG1 and MAG2. After the bi-directional tunnel is built , the buffer of MAG2 prepares to buffer.
Saturday, November 2, 2019
What leadership styles dominate the Chinese market Essay
What leadership styles dominate the Chinese market - Essay Example This paper aims to determine which leadership style is the most suitable for companies in China as it is the leadership style of a manager coupled with organizational culture that determines the employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Leadership styles are employed by managers to suit the needs of the people and the organization that is being led. It is almost always a mix of the six leadership styles: visionary, coaching, affiliative, democratic, pace-setting and commanding, that today’s leaders practice in successfully leading their teams. These styles are adopted by the leader either individually or as a mix of more than one style, within the context of the people and organizational needs at that moment. The success with which leaders adopt the different styles, to what extent each style has its influence on employee performance and job satisfaction and how the organizational culture affects the job satisfaction and organizational commitment by the employee will be explored. Further, it will also be understood as to the shelf life of each style or if the adopted style is applicable to all situations and sectors in Chinese organizations. Finally, qualitative analysis of available literature in published journals, news articles and websites can help understand the most suitable leadership style for my business in the Chinese region that can have the maximum impact on employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. ... nies in China as it is the leadership style of a manager coupled with organizational culture that determines the employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment (Lok and Crawford, 2004). Leadership styles are employed by managers to suit the needs of the people and the organization that is being led. It is almost always a mix of the six leadership styles: visionary, coaching, affiliative, democratic, pace-setting and commanding, that today’s leaders practice in successfully leading their teams. These styles are adopted by the leader either individually or as a mix of more than one style, within the context of the people and organizational needs at that moment (Murray, 2012). The success with which leaders adopt the different styles, to what extent each style has its influence on employee performance and job satisfaction and how the organizational culture affects the job satisfaction and organizational commitment by the employee will be explored. Further, it will also b e understood as to the shelf life of each style or if the adopted style is applicable to all situations and sectors in Chinese organizations. Also, it will help to understand how the leaders can effectively determine which leadership style to use under certain circumstances, and how they communicate through their style of leadership. Finally, qualitative analysis of available literature in published journals, news articles and websites can help understand the most suitable leadership style for my business in the Chinese region that can have the maximum impact on employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. 2. Literature Review a. Introduction Leadership style adopted by managers in Chinese firms has an impact on job satisfaction and commitment and leadership style is influenced by
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